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Classes and Objects
Classes
Declaring Classes
Declaring Member Variables
Defining Methods
Providing Constructors for Your Classes
Passing Information to a Method or a Constructor
Objects
Creating Objects
Using Objects
More on Classes
Returning a Value from a Method
Using the this Keyword
Controlling Access to Members of a Class
Understanding Class Members
Initializing Fields
Summary of Creating and Using Classes and Objects
Questions and Exercises
Questions and Exercises
Nested Classes
Inner Class Example
Local Classes
Anonymous Classes
Lambda Expressions
Method References
When to Use Nested Classes, Local Classes, Anonymous Classes, and Lambda Expressions
Questions and Exercises
Enum Types
Questions and Exercises
Trail: Learning the Java Language
Lesson: Classes and Objects
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# Classes

The introduction to object-oriented concepts in the lesson titled Object-oriented Programming Concepts used a bicycle class as an example, with racing bikes, mountain bikes, and tandem bikes as subclasses. Here is sample code for a possible implementation of a `Bicycle` class, to give you an overview of a class declaration. Subsequent sections of this lesson will back up and explain class declarations step by step. For the moment, don't concern yourself with the details.

    public class Bicycle {

        // the Bicycle class has
        // three fields
        public int cadence;
        public int gear;
        public int speed;

        // the Bicycle class has
        // one constructor
        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear) {
            gear = startGear;
            cadence = startCadence;
            speed = startSpeed;
        }

        // the Bicycle class has
        // four methods
        public void setCadence(int newValue) {
            cadence = newValue;
        }

        public void setGear(int newValue) {
            gear = newValue;
        }

        public void applyBrake(int decrement) {
            speed -= decrement;
        }

        public void speedUp(int increment) {
            speed += increment;
        }

    }

A class declaration for a `MountainBike` class that is a subclass of `Bicycle` might look like this:

    public class MountainBike extends Bicycle {

        // the MountainBike subclass has
        // one field
        public int seatHeight;

        // the MountainBike subclass has
        // one constructor
        public MountainBike(int startHeight, int startCadence,
                            int startSpeed, int startGear) {
            super(startCadence, startSpeed, startGear);
            seatHeight = startHeight;
        }

        // the MountainBike subclass has
        // one method
        public void setHeight(int newValue) {
            seatHeight = newValue;
        }

    }

`MountainBike` inherits all the fields and methods of `Bicycle` and adds the field `seatHeight` and a method to set it (mountain bikes have seats that can be moved up and down as the terrain demands).

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