# Java Tutorials

The Java Tutorials are a one stop shop for learning the Java language. The tutorials are practical guides for programmers who want to use the Java programming language to create applets and applications. They also serve as a reference for the experienced Java programmer.

Groups of related lessons are organized into "trails"; for example, the "Getting Started" trail, or the "Learning the Java Language" trail. This ebook contains a single trail. You can download other trails via the link on the Java Tutorials home page.

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## Legal Notices

Copyright © 1995, 2015, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates (“Oracle”). All rights reserved.

This tutorial is a guide to developing applications for the Java Platform, Standard Edition and contains documentation (“Tutorial”) and sample code. The “sample code” made available with this Tutorial is licensed separately to you by Oracle under the Berkeley license. If you download any such sample code, you agree to the terms of the Berkeley license.

This Tutorial is provided to you by Oracle under the following license terms containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is protected by intellectual property laws. Oracle grants to you a limited, non-exclusive license to use this Tutorial for information purposes only, as an aid to learning about the Java SE platform. Except as expressly permitted in these license terms, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means this Tutorial. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this Tutorial is prohibited.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.

If the Tutorial is licensed on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable:

U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065.

This Tutorial is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications which may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this Tutorial in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure the safe use.

THE TUTORIAL IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ORACLE FURTHER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT SHALL ORACLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUE, DATA OR DATA USE, INCURRED BY YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT OR TORT, EVEN IF ORACLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ORACLE’S ENTIRE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES HEREUNDER SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS (U.S. $1,000).

## No Technical Support

Oracle’s technical support organization will not provide technical support, phone support, or updates to you.

Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

The sample code and Tutorial may provide access to or information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services.

## Supported Platforms

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